Analysis of imperialism needs to be brought up to date

I disagree with much of Emile's article Imperialism 2011: Steps Going Forward.

First, because I do not see what it clarifies about any aspect of the current challenges in bringing the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq to a close. I do not see how it helps guide our thinking about the implications of the uprisings in North Africa and the Mid-east. I don't see how it helps frame the main questions in addressing the many-sided challenges of globalization. The references to Lenin's pamphlet on Imperialism are entirely uncritical and unhistorical, despite the passage of a century. It's as if time has not passed at all except to make the scripture of Lenin's words more sanctified.

We need a new, 'sacred'-phrase-free, popular understanding of the global democratic revolution, and the strong underlying technological, financial and social transformations of globalization  that are fueling its fires. As objective global relationships extend and mature, as both labor AND capital make their journeys to all corners of the earth, so too does global citizenship become an idea that begins to descend from the world of vapors to those of solid ground. Immigration battles can only be peaceably managed by international law, founded on a system of international rights and obligations extending to persons regardless of national origin.

What does Lenin's text on Imperialism say about ending the Afghan war? Is there any practical future of any kind available to the Afghan people that does not include gigantic sums of aid and investment? What is our responsibility for or to the failed states now littering the post-USSR world, many of them relics of cold-war dictatorships, or anti-cold-war-dictatorships? What is meant by "international responsibility"? Is there not some truth to the charge by General Powell that "If you break it, you own it!"? Perhaps "Out Now" is all some need to hear. But this is a "political sidelines" position if you do not have a sober estimate of the consequences of  your actions. Even with countries as backward as Afghanistan, there are now links of every description that make it NOT possible for it to remain isolated and lawless, as perhaps it could have in 1916.

It used to be the case that many on the left had grave doubts that arose from anti-democratic allegations against the USSR, but forgave the latter out of recognition of that country's material assistance to anti-colonial and anti-imperial struggles throughout the post-war world. But the political and economic collapse of the USSR meant that there would be NO exceptions, no skipping of capitalist, market-oriented institutions if you want to pursue industrialization, commodity production, and economic growth.

Today, China is the biggest lender to the United States. It seeks the ability to rapidly increase the export of not only its manufactured goods, but also its reserves to investments IN the US. Ultimately, it will succeed  in this effort as the force of its accumulated surpluses will be impossible to resist. Who, then, will be the imperialist? I submit many formerly 'imperialist subjects HAVE managed to accumulate substantial surpluses, have ignored IMF "Washington Consensus" policies against strategic industrial policy (an incremental socialism), and now have no interest in undermining the acquisition of new capital assets from virtually any source is they expand the social surplus, nor any destination market. I am not saying there do not remain imperial relations in many aspects of US and Western European foreign policy. But I AM saying its a lot more complicated than it was in 1916, and that the solutions now, must have a more global character than they did in 1916, meaning the content of "anti-imperial" policy is much more dependent on emerging international institutions, and their reflection of the democratic will of affected peoples, than was ever true before.

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  • It's good that Case categorized himself with the Mensheviks, because it helps make it clear that we are basically discussing the same "globalization" that was evident when Lenin led the Bolsheviks and wrote "imperialism," not the newer developments.

    I thought Schepers brought a lot of clarity to the modern situation by updating the present situation in many countries, although I wish he'd talked about Libya. It's a mystery to me why Case wants to obscure the underlying principles in the fight for socialism and against imperialism.

    --Jim Lane in Dallas

    Posted by jim lane, 03/16/2011 10:42am (14 years ago)

  • John Case states that he is a believer in the Communist ideal after stating that the terms "Marxist" and "Leninist" have no "consistent, useful or meaningful definition" and that the question of "who is a true Marxist" is not of political value. I would certainly agree that there is great debate to be found regarding those terms.

    But if those terms are not meaningful, then how on earth is the category "Communist ideal" meaningful? I just finished reading the book "The Idea of Communism" which came out of the recent London conference that Žižek and Badiou and other communists spoke at. Several of the talks given there concerned the difficulty of defining communism and its ideals today. I am no scholar (just a sheet metal worker who reads what he can), and please correct me if I am wrong, but my impression is that among self-proclaimed communist intellectuals and scholars of communism today, there is notably more agreement on what the terms "Marxist" and "Leninist" mean (broad as those terms may be, and disagreements notwithstanding) than there is regarding what the term "communism" means, let alone defining the parameters of a generic "communist ideal" divorced from a particular communist ideology. Saying that one is a communist is like saying one is a Christian, it can mean virtually anything.

    Speaking of Žižek, in the midst of reading these discussions here I have often thought of this passage:

    "Those who acknowledge this direct lineage from Christianity to Marxism, however, usually fetishize the early ‘authentic’ followers of Christ against the Church’s ‘institutionalization’ epitomized by the name of Saint Paul: yes to Christ’s ‘original authentic message’; no to its transformation into a body of teaching that legitimizes the Church as a social institution. What these followers of the maxim ‘yes to Christ, no to Saint Paul’ (who, as Nietzsche claimed, in effect inverted Christianity) do is strictly parallel to the stance of those ‘humanist Marxists’ from the mid-twentieth century whose maxim was ‘yes to the early and authentic Marx, no to his Leninist ossification’. And in both cases, one should insist that such a ‘defense of the authentic’ is the most perfidious mode of its betrayal: there is no Christ outside Saint Paul; in exactly the same way, there is no ‘authentic Marx’ that can be approached directly, bypassing Lenin."

    - from the last portion of Slavoj Žižek's Introduction to his book "The Fragile Absolute."

    Like a lot of Žižek's writing, I'm not entirely sure what to do with that insight, but it haunts me a bit.

    Posted by Owen White, 03/16/2011 12:01am (14 years ago)

  • "I confess: I have long been a student of Marx, as well as Lenin, but I am neither a "Marxist" nor a "Leninist". I don't think either term has a consistent, useful or meaningful definition. "

    at least you could try to recognize where you
    on the one side and they on the other
    are in sharp conflict

    that might be a more solid grounding
    for your neo-nameless-ism
    with its fresh new vision of the global class struggle

    i must add so far as i can see
    you are --as an implicit political economist---

    a rabbit stew


    china buys t bonds etc
    so the various cutting edge technique baring
    and access to oecd markets controling
    trans national corporations can reep not just profits
    but --jargon alert -- "super profits"

    but the macro economics inside this --jargon alert --"uneven development"
    would probably bore you

    far better a few pungent appeals
    on behalf of toiling earthwide humanity
    and its various misery saturated conditions

    thank you you remind me of the late mrs roosevelt

    Posted by paine, 03/15/2011 1:04pm (14 years ago)

  • "I don't see how it helps frame the main questions in addressing the many-sided challenges of globalization"
    really ???

    well i must say i don't see you
    concretely addressing
    several points in the author's "essay"
    that clearly attempt a framing action eh ??

    as in is this a correct if partial
    characterization of present day imperialism ???

    "1. The combination of industrial capital with finance capital, with the latter dominating.
    2. The move from competition among many capitalist concerns to huge transnational monopolies.
    3. The move from mere export of products to export of capital; i.e. capital moving all over the globe in search of maximum profits.
    4. Competition and wars between rival capitalist powers"

    can we characterize
    as the essay's writer characterizes
    this phase of imperialism as

    "the neo-liberal phase of imperialism "???

    in other words is it still true that

    "All of the items Lenin listed as characterizing imperialism are still extant and in full force,
    except for active inter imperialist wars, " ???

    that in fact
    "most of the dynamics of imperialism listed by Lenin in 1916 have intensified in the intervening years"

    is

    " imperialism ... still aggressive and expanding" ???

    how about this

    is there " no contradiction between the ideas that imperialism is on the march, and that anti-imperialism is also on the march" ???

    and this

    "imperialism is an advanced phase of capitalism itself, and
    not a policy option that can be switched on and off "??

    and lastly
    "Can we describe Obama’s foreign policy as a “Good Neighbor” policy for the 21st century," ???



    on the home powers corelation of class forces front

    would it
    " have been impossible for Obama to rule a non-imperialist United States, unless capitalism itself had somehow collapsed at the point he was elected. "??

    "is obama's " task ..save capitalism, not destroy it"??

    you really flank all this with airy appeals to conventional wisdom

    all we have is the tacit assumption
    that too much has changed since 1916
    to make lenin seriously relevent

    what part of this do yoy think the author fails to grasp??

    as you say we need
    a "'sacred'-phrase-free, popular understanding of the global democratic revolution, "
    that includes
    "the strong underlying technological, financial and social transformations of globalization that are fueling its fires. "

    fine spacious words i doubt any progressive might hanker for

    as far as this goes

    "As objective global relationships extend and mature, "

    "as both labor AND capital make their journeys to all corners of the earth, "


    who can disagree with this

    "so too does global citizenship become an idea that begins to descend from the world of vapors to those of solid ground."

    but that started 500 years ago eh ??

    but i must add
    i'm not sure what to make of this


    " Immigration battles can only be peaceably managed by international law, founded on a system of international rights and obligations extending to persons regardless of national origin"

    what an ageless social liberal gas attack
    that is

    and this

    "Is there any practical future of any kind available to the Afghan people that does not include gigantic sums of aid and investment?"

    pure late 18th century humanitarian goo goo piffle

    practically speaking
    --since you invoked general powell
    are you suggesting we even as an imperial power
    have a first world burden
    to "sivilize " the peoples of that region ??

    calling any likely concrete vehicle of interventionist development
    internationalist is absurd
    if we have an internationalist obligation it takes the national form of

    HANDS OFF

    this macabre formulation not withstanding


    ".. countries as backward as Afghanistan...(with)..
    links of every description that make it NOT possible for it to remain isolated and lawless, as perhaps it could have in 1916."

    backward Afghanistan is indeed now
    sucked into the globalizing maelstrom but it was
    way back att least as far as the great game
    of the 19th century
    railroads then pipe lines now so to speak

    its not necessary to claim all is the same under the sun
    to see continuity over 500 years
    let alone less then 100 years
    despite qualitative stages
    and stages within stages

    ----------------

    the china bit at the end seems to reveal a very
    amateur grasp of modern macro economics
    but that can be passed over without mention

    Posted by paine, 03/15/2011 12:22pm (14 years ago)

  • Please let me clarify and correct that Marx's Capital and Lenin's Imperialism(the books) would be "resources"as tools to help the working class understand and act to change,not "sources"(Marx and Lenin were organization sources of socialist and communist struggles of peoples' against capitalism and imperialism)as it appears in the present writer's previous comment.

    Posted by peaceapplause, 03/15/2011 2:47am (14 years ago)

  • A few comments on the comments:

    1. I avoid the word "globalization" because it is vague and because strictly speaking, there are some aspects of globalization that are positive (learning from other people's experiences, and international labor solidarity, to name two). An internationalist can not be against those kinds of globalization. Some use "corporate globalization" or "corporate-driven globalization" as glosses for "imperialism"; in my article I simply use the original term. But this is not about semantics, but about analysis of what is really going on in the world. I hold to my original proposition that Lenin's original description of imperialism was useful and that it is what we see around us today.

    2. Even though the US imports capital from China, there is till a huge push on the part of international monopoly capital to expand into every possible market, as the NYT article I cited about penetration of S.Korean and other capital in Africa indicates. And US corporations, backed by US diplomacy and armed forces, are still rampaging all over the world. As for oil in Iraq or Libya, the US is teamed up with the NATO countries who are oil thirsty imperialists too. Existing socialist countries (China, Vietnam, Cuba) are able to bring in foreign capital without disastrous results because they have strong socialist governments. Countries like Guatemala end up at the mercy of foreign capital allied with local oligarchies. They end up following strategies for trade and growth dictated to them by the IMF and World Bank, as well as by the US embassy, and get nowhere except deeper into a hole. Yet some countries that have defied this, like Argentina, have produced very different results.

    3. Case and others want to go back to pre-WW I Menshevik dogmatist positions in which each and every poor country has to go through the throes of early capitalist accumulation, so that they can become industrialized and produce commodities, with no short cuts. What this means in the poor countries of Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean is untold suffering for the mass of the people, palliated by a few care packages and the odd Peace Corps volunteer to hold the hands of the starving. There are huge problems with this including (a) This has been tried and has failed in every country in which it has been tried, leaving the mass of the people poorer tha they were before. Look at NAFTA in Mexico for example. (b) the unstated corrollary is that ECONOMIC STRUGGLE BY FARMERS AND WORKERS IN POOR COUNTRIES IS FUTILE, because to the extent that they win, they screw up the master plan to transform their economies via foreign investment in industry, INVESTMENT THAT ONLY COMES IN IF THERE IS A CHEAP AND DOCILE LABOR FORCE (plus low taxes and access to cheap natural resources and markets, of course). The best thing for them to do is not to resist, but to tighten their belts and work harder for their foreign and domestic employers, to facilitate capital accumulation leading to eventual industrialization through foreign investment, the attraction being partly the cheap and docile labor (if that were true, Haiti would be an industrial powerhouse on the order of South Korea by now). They should fight only for political democratization. But people in such countries WILL resist, ON BOTH THE POLITICAL AND THE ECONOMIC FRONTS, will engage in class struggle, and WILL NOT NECESSARILY define victory in terms of industrialization for commodity production & export. And the opposition to democratization in such countries comes mainly from local elites ALLIED WITH IMPERIALISM who fear that if there were democratization the workers and masses would CHALLENGE economic policies based on the neo-liberal formula of "free" trade, privatization, austerity etc. The logic of the Case position is that we should be supporting the SUPPRESSION of class struggle in the poor countries by their local neo-liberal elites, while SUPPORTING class struggle in Wisconson, on the same kinds of issues. And as I stated in the original article, when the wages of workers in the poor countries are driven down, so are the wages of the workers in the rich countries, including the United States. As one wise old German said "workers of all nations unite" As the modern Germans say, Ohne mich.

    Posted by Emile Schepers, 03/15/2011 1:22am (14 years ago)

  • As John Case"updates" imperialism it is perhaps instructive that he quotes "General Powell".
    Colin Luther Powell cites Martin Luther King Jr.,as one of the most important historical figures to know about,much the same way that Barack Hussein Obama cites Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Too bad they both don't follow in deed the dire human need to promote peace among the world's peoples,central to both MLK's and the Mahatma's activities and philosophies. Case maybe has "general" knowledge of Colin Powell's many contributions to imperialism in recent times,his exploits in Vietnam around its many massacres and atrocities against humanity and nature may be familiar. How about Granada, Haiti,or Panama-many appreciate his "moderate" views-but these,if they qualify as a peoples'models of imperialism today,in polite circles,we're not so sure about mass graves and killing fields, of bloody headed children with napalm guts,would it?
    The laboratories of General Powell's resume have left human rights,vitiated,wherever. Those whose human rights have been debased,are these John Case's "would be "("...will be the imperialists?")?
    There seems so much confusion-but maybe that's what happens when Lenin's Peace Bread and Land is rendered more profound and "updated".

    Posted by peaceapplause, 03/14/2011 4:02pm (14 years ago)

  • Since folks seem bent on attacking my "Marxism" -- I confess: I have long been a student of Marx, as well as Lenin, but I am neither a "Marxist" nor a "Leninist". I don't think either term has a consistent, useful or meaningful definition. Nor do I think a debate on "who is the true Marxist" has any political value.

    I am an advocate, publicly and privately, for socialism, and a believer in the Communist ideal. I am convinced the path to socialism consists of a) the struggle for expanded working class rights and entitlements--in a word, democracy; and b) the rise of technology and education to a point where commodity production -- and thus capitalist relations -- are no longer the dominant economic relations. In a word, I am a social-democrat a la the RSDLP up until 1905, since that seems to me the best (although not entirely appropriate) classical Marxist historical analogy for the program and coalition seems necessary to me now.

    As an aside on the question of imperialism, I do not believe the right of nations to self-determination is absolute, and, in the era of globalization, not as strong as it was in Lenin's time -- when he made a comparable cautionary warning on this matter. We must resist and stand in the way of every act of aggression. But we cannot prevent the steady incorporation of every region of the world into the global economy. Even though this imposes harsh constraints on the conditions of struggle, it leads to the enlargement, and ultimately, through struggle, to the greater empowerment of working people. But there are no short cuts.

    This is not, in my mind, a criticism of Lenin whose decision to seize power was in many ways forced upon him and his party by the complete collapse of the Russian state, and by the concrete conditions in WWI. But this is not WWI.

    Imperialism won the cold war. The Soviet socialist model, primarily because of its backwardness in origin, was not able to effectively replace global capitalism.

    Now imperialism is itself being defeated -- not enhanced -- by the globalization process. Like Obi-wan Kenobi, when Vader struck him down, he arose a thousand times stronger. No nation will be super-power -- certainly not economically -- in another decade. No nation will be able to dictate over the immensity and complexity of global economic relations. Public domains and economics will increasingly assume control over private capital.

    That is not defeatism. We have an opportunity to re-introduce the essential principles of socialist and communist ideas and win a wide reception -- but only if we focus on evidence-based approaches to the complexities of both national and international class politics, and to question EVERY presumption or abstraction -- along with our fellow workers and citizens.


    john

    Posted by John Case, 03/13/2011 6:12pm (14 years ago)

  • Thanks to Emile for his reply --

    I did not deny imperial features -- your reference to oil and Bush is valid, esp for Iraq. One does not have to read Lenin to know that. Bush himself said it on many occasions. I said -- its more complicated than that, and repetition of "imperialism, imperialism" does not add clarity on how to end the conflicts.

    If "imperialism" were the only issue, then simple and immediate withdrawal would be the answer. However, no country in the world -- certainly not an oil rich nation, nor a poppy-rich nation as well -- can now separate itself from the global economy, which dictates that no matter what else happens, nation states on all sides will be weaker tomorrow than today.

    AFAIK, there are few left (or explicitly anti-imperialist) factions in either Iraq or Afghanistan. In fact there is little evidence that a stable governing coalition in either country is now possible or likely: Certainly not without regional collective security, something that seems interminably frustrated by the identity politics of the dominant Islamic and Jewish religious factions in the region; something that will take more than an "anti-imperialist" framework from 1916 to accomplish.

    It true that the state of affairs is a legacy effect of imperial wars of the 20th Century, which re-drew the borders of most Mid-East 'nations'. I recall the Iraqi Communist Party, for example, actually welcoming the overthrow of Saddam Hussein.

    the other weakness of the so-called Marxist phrases from a century ago is that people simply do not understand what is being said. You find yourself flying from facts to abstractions. Try separating the worlds regimes in to imperial and non-imperial regimes: its unlikely any two people will agree on the list.

    It would not surprise me in the slightest if both nations were still governed largely by external forces a decade from now. In fact the spawning of ever more failed states suggests that none will be "fixed" -- reach any stability -- until truly international and regional institutions can provide security. I don't see how Imperial vs anti-imperial frameworks are sufficient to get us there.

    Posted by John Case, 03/13/2011 8:16am (14 years ago)

  • I agree with Emile Scheper, John Case seems to be coming from a totally defeated mindset that can only be called "liberal." He is actually saying, that Afghanistan needs foreign investment as a solution to its problems. He also basically says that imperialism isn't that bad these days, backed up with a lot of verbiage about "international institutions" and "democratic will of affected peoples" and "global citizenship." This is just capitalist and imperialist apologia and doesn't deserve to be called socialist at all.

    Posted by D. Bester, 03/13/2011 1:52am (14 years ago)

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